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Kui Xing (), originally called 奎星 (also ''kuí xīng''), also known as 大魁夫子 "Great Master Kui" or 大魁星君 "Great Kui the Star Prince", is a character in Chinese mythology, the god of examinations, and an associate or servant of the god of literature, Wen Chang. The name 'Kui Xing' literally means "Chief Star(s)", and anciently referred to the 'spoon' of the Big Dipper. The ''Chun Qiu Yun Dou Shu'' defines the ‘Kui Xing' as "The four stars in the first section of the dipper". The 'handle' was referred to as the 杓 ''shao'', or ladle/spoon. Kui Xing's original name, 奎星, is the original name of the star in the Big Dipper located furthest from the 'handle' - Dubhe. ==Folk Beliefs== In Daoist tradition, Kui Xing is said to have been "bent and hunchbacked, as if he were an actual calligraphy character", and came to be viewed as a saint of human fortune, particularly with regard to imperial examinations. Late Ming Dynasty scholar Gu Yan-Wu, often referred to as Gu Ting-Lin, wrote of Kui Xing in his Record of Historical Knowledge: "The date of the beginning of modern people's veneration of Kui Xing is unknown. Since Kui (奎) was taken to be the master of composition, therefore the people established shrines to venerate him. Being unable to sculpt an image of the star (奎), his name was thus changed to (homophonous character ) 魁. Again being unable to directly construct an image of 魁, the character was split into its constituent radicals (''Gui - Ghost/Spirit'' and 斗 ''Dou - Ladle/Gourd'' ) and illustrated as such." Gu's statement suggests the name change was a creative measure designed to facilitate Kui Xing's veneration. As his form developed, people depicted Kui Xing's right foot standing on a character 鰲 (''ao''), a giant turtle, in reference to a traditional saying, 獨佔鰲頭, "to stand lonely on the ''aos head", meaning coming in first in examinations), his left foot support a ladle, a writing brush in his hand, and his body full of vigor and life. Stylized calligraphy of Confucian adages often compose his torso. Artists have also depicted the ''ao'' on which Kui Xing stands as a giant fish (see the image of a temple in Xinwupu, Hubei), or as a realistic-looking turtle (e.g., the statue near Bijiacheng - the "Brush-rest wall" - in Changde, Hunan.〔(笔架城及“魁星点斗”雕像落成 ) (Statue of "Kui Xing pointing the dipper" near Bijiacheng, in Changde, Hunan)〕). 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Kui Xing」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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